While most democratic countries like the United States have these rights codified in their constitutions, international human rights law also provides for these rights. For instance, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed in Paris in 1948, is an international document that outrightly recognizes the fundamental rights of every human.
In the United States, the constitution (1788) provides for several inalienable human rights like the freedom of religion, the right to keep and bear arms, the right to a fair and speedy trial by jury, the freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, the right to freedom of assembly, and freedom of speech. The constitution has, however, been amended several times to include more freedoms and rights.